What’s the difference between an arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm, hemangioma, cavernous malformation and fistula?

What’s the difference between an arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm, hemangioma, cavernous malformation and fistula?

An aneurysm is a weakened, ballooned-out area in an artery. It most commonly forms at the point where two arteries branch. An aneurysm can develop as a complication of an AVM.

Hemangiomas are vascular (blood vessel) malformations that are visible on the skin. They’re also known as a strawberry mark. They aren’t dangerous and don’t require treatment.

Cavernous malformations are a type of vascular lesion. Unlike an AVM, they’re filled with slow-moving blood that’s usually clotted. They can leak but usually don’t leak as severely as AVMs and are often don’t cause symptoms.

A fistula is a general term for an abnormal connection of blood vessels. Arteriovenous fistulas are found in the tissue that covers your brain and spinal cord (the dura mater or arachnoid). AVMs are found inside the tissues of your brain.