What causes chilblains or pernio?

What causes chilblains or pernio?

Chilblains form after intermittent or prolonged exposure to cold or damp air. The cold air causes blood vessels near your skin’s surface to tighten or constrict, leading to decreased oxygenation and inflammation in these exposed areas.

The exact reason why this reaction occurs is unknown. Some experts believe pernio develops because of:

• Genetics.
• Hormonal changes.
• Underlying diseases, such as connective tissue disorders or perpipheral arterial disease.