How is Boerhaave's syndrome diagnosed?

How is Boerhaave's syndrome diagnosed?

Boerhaave’s syndrome can be difficult to diagnose, and timely diagnosis is important. It’s easier when it presents with the classic triad of symptoms known as the Mackler triad. These include severe or repeated vomiting, sudden onset chest pain and subcutaneous emphysema — a condition in which air is trapped in the tissues under your skin. This last symptom is especially telling of an esophageal rupture.

But not all cases present with the classic symptoms. The rupture may occur in an uncommon location, leading to pain in an uncommon area like your neck or clavicles. It may occur from less common causes than vomiting, or it may come with uncommon side effects. A standard chest X-ray might give some hints, but it will take a more sensitive imaging test to diagnose the condition.