How is aortic dissection diagnosed?

How is aortic dissection diagnosed?

Aortic dissection must be diagnosed quickly, in case immediate surgery is needed. The healthcare team needs to determine if you have aortic dissection or other health conditions, such as heart attack and stroke, which produce similar symptoms. Tests that may be ordered include:

• Chest X-ray: This test uses a small amount of radiation to create an image of the structures within your chest, including your heart, lungs, blood vessels (including the aorta) and bones. This test is not very specific but is quick and may direct the diagnosis.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan: This test provides the best view of the aorta during an emergency and can be performed rather quickly to look for aneurysm or dissection. For aortic imaging, intravenous (IV) contrast may be needed.
• Transthoracic echocardiogram: This test uses ultrasound to provide moving pictures of your heart valves and chambers and the first portion of the aorta (the aortic root).
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): This test shows more detailed pictures of your heart valves and chambers than a transthoracic echocardiogram and better views of your thoracic aorta. The ultrasound probe is placed through your mouth into your esophagus, which runs directly behind your heart and in from of your descending aorta.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This test uses a large magnet and radio waves to produce detailed images of your organs and the structures inside your body, including your aorta. It provides moving pictures of your heart valves and chambers and blood flow through your aorta. This test may take more time to perform than a typical CT scan and so is less often used in emergencies.