What is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (Alpha-1)?

What is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (Alpha-1)?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a protein made mainly by your liver, which then moves it into your bloodstream. This protein protects your lungs and other organs from the harmful effects of irritants and infections.

Alpha-1 is a rare genetic (inherited) disorder in which people have low levels of AAT in their bloodstream. This disorder can increase your risk of developing lung and liver diseases, including emphysema (damaged air sacs in the lungs) and cirrhosis (liver scarring). The low level of AAT means that lungs are not protected, and the liver is injured by the build-up of the protein there.

Alpha-1 can cause lung problems in adults and liver problems in both adults and children. Some of these conditions can be life-threatening.