What are the symptoms of renal cystic disease?

What are the symptoms of renal cystic disease?

• Congenital cystic disease
• Usually diagnosed prenatally with sonograms before symptoms are present.
• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
• Chronic flank pain and/or intermittent blood in the urine (hematuria). Some may have cyst hemorrhage, kidney infections, or kidney stones. Those in their 50s often develop hypertension and chronic renal failure. Most progress to end stage renal disease in their 60s.
• Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
• ARPKD usually co-exists with liver disease. Infants and younger children may develop hypertension (high blood pressure). Some will show growth retardation. The disease may progress to kidney failure and require transplantation. Children aged 4 to 8 may not have particularly bad kidney disease, but co-existing liver disease may dominate their health circumstances. By age 12 many of these children will experience variceal bleeding, or bleeding from the veins that line the esophagus and stomach. They are also susceptible to bacterial inflammation of the bile duct (cholangitis) and thrombocytopenia. This is a term for low platelet counts. Platelets are blood cells that help the blood to clot.
• Nephronophthisis-medullary cystic disease
• In children, this disorder can lead to a failure to thrive, growth retardation, bone deformities, or muscle spasms caused by low calcium. Juveniles may have poor bone formation and neurologic abnormalities. They may also have visual problems such a progressive loss of their peripheral vision (retinitis pigmentosa) and retinal degeneration. Adults can develop polyuria (excessive urination) polydipsia (excessive thirst, anemia (low red blood cells) and progressive renal failure.
• Acquired renal cysts
• These appear frequently in patients with end-stage renal disease, particularly those on hemodialysis. Treating physicians anticipate these cysts in these patients. They are characterized by flank pain and blood in the urine (hematuria).
• Simple renal cysts
• These seldom create noticeable symptoms and are usually discovered during the course of an examination for other problems. Some do grow large enough to become a mass that can be felt, cause pain in the lower sides or in the abdomen, and/or blood in the urine.
• Medullary sponge kidney
• Patients with MSK may have flank pain, blood in their urine, and elevated calcium levels in urine. This latter symptom is detected by urinalysis.
• Malignant cysts
• These pre-cancerous cysts are present in perhaps 1% of those with renal cell carcinoma. The symptoms are those of kidney cancer – persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss, recurrent fevers, high blood pressure (hypertension), swelling (edema) in the ankles, a feeling of poor health, and blood in the urine (hematuria).