There are several risk factors (things that make your chance of getting a disease more likely) related to anal dysplasia and anal cancer. These include:
- Becoming infected with human papillomavirus (HPV)
- Having a higher number of sexual partners
- Having anoreceptive intercourse (being the receiving partner in anal sex)
- Using tobacco
- Having anal wounds that have not healed
- Having dysplasia of the genitals
- Being immunosuppressed due to:
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Hematologic malignancy (blood cancer)
- Medication
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Solid organ transplantation